Journal

Aiko Tanaka, Rafael Monteiro, Fatima Al-Rashid·Mar 2025

The transition to net-zero carbon emissions poses acute financing challenges for emerging economies that simultaneously face development imperatives, fiscal constraints, and legacy hydrocarbon dependencies. This essay compares the strategic use of sovereign wealth funds and state-directed industrial policy in Japan, Brazil, and Kuwait, arguing that institutional path dependencies create fundamentally different feasibility constraints for green transition financing. We find that no single financing model is universally applicable and propose a diagnostic framework for matching transition finance instruments to national institutional contexts.

Chiara Bianchi, Nour El-Amin·Feb 2025

Automated risk-scoring tools are increasingly deployed by public health authorities to allocate scarce resources such as preventive interventions and early-detection screenings. This paper demonstrates, through analysis of three national deployment cases, that such tools systematically under-refer individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds due to training data biases and proxy variable selection. We propose a three-stage audit framework that health ministries should apply before and during deployment of any population-level risk model.

James Hartley·Jan 2025

This paper examines the erosion of de facto central bank independence during the 2020–2023 period, in which emergency fiscal spending programmes placed sustained pressure on monetary authorities to maintain accommodative stances beyond the point warranted by inflation dynamics. Drawing on comparative case studies of the Federal Reserve, the Bank of England, and the European Central Bank, the paper argues that institutional design features alone are insufficient to preserve effective independence when fiscal dominance pressures are acute. A revised framework incorporating parliamentary oversight triggers is proposed.

Alexander Chen·Oct 2024

This paper investigates how large language models deployed in algorithmic trading systems amplify market volatility through sentiment contagion effects. Using a novel dataset of high-frequency trading signals correlated with LLM-generated financial commentary, we demonstrate that reflexive feedback loops emerge when multiple trading systems share similar foundational models. Our findings suggest regulatory frameworks must evolve to address the systemic risks posed by correlated AI decision-making in financial markets.

Priya Nair·Sept 2024

The electric vehicle industry has witnessed unprecedented vertical integration as manufacturers seek control over critical battery supply chains. This study compares the strategic approaches of Tesla and BYD, analysing how backward integration into raw material processing and cell manufacturing creates sustainable competitive advantages. We develop a framework for evaluating integration decisions under conditions of supply uncertainty and geopolitical risk.

Samuel Okafor·Aug 2024

As NHS trusts pilot AI triage systems to manage post-pandemic waiting lists, fundamental questions arise about accountability, bias, and the erosion of clinical judgement. This essay examines three competing ethical frameworks—utilitarian efficiency, Rawlsian fairness, and virtue ethics—and argues that current deployment practices inadequately address the duty of care owed to patients from marginalised communities. We propose a governance model centred on interpretable AI and mandatory human override mechanisms.

Isla MacPherson·Jul 2024

B2B software-as-a-service markets exhibit network effects distinct from consumer platforms, yet existing literature predominantly applies frameworks derived from social networks and marketplaces. Through an analysis of 47 enterprise SaaS categories, this paper identifies three mechanisms—workflow lock-in, data network effects, and ecosystem complementarity—that drive winner-take-most outcomes in B2B contexts. Our empirical findings challenge the assumption that B2B markets naturally tend toward fragmentation.

Mei-Lin Zhang·Jun 2024

Reinforcement learning-based dynamic pricing systems have achieved significant revenue gains for early adopters, yet their welfare implications remain poorly understood. Using agent-based simulations calibrated against publicly available pricing data from three major e-commerce platforms, we demonstrate that RL pricing agents consistently extract surplus from price-insensitive consumer segments while creating volatility that disadvantages lower-income shoppers. Our analysis calls for sector-specific algorithmic auditing requirements.

Thomas Whitfield·May 2024

A decade of voluntary commitments, transparency reports, and self-regulatory frameworks has failed to meaningfully constrain the market power of large digital platforms. This essay traces the political economy of platform governance, arguing that structural conflicts of interest make genuine self-regulation impossible. Drawing on the EU Digital Markets Act and the UK Online Safety Act, we outline a model of democratic platform oversight grounded in participatory accountability mechanisms and mandatory interoperability requirements.